Course Details
Course Outline
5 days course
Introduction: The paradox of excess and deprivation
- Excess and deprivation.
- The public’s view of the health care system.
- Understanding the crisis.
Paying for Health Care
- Modes of paying for health care.
- The burden of financing health care.
- Conclusion.
Access to Health Care
- Financial barriers to health care.
- Nonfinancial barriers to healthcare.
- The relation between health care and health status.
Reimbursing Health Care Providers
- Units of payment.
- Methods of physician payment.
- Methods of hospital payment.
How Health Care is Organized: “Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Care”
- Models of organizing care.
- Forces driving the organization of health care in the United Kingdom.
How Health Care is Organized: “Health Delivery Systems”
- The traditional structure of medical care.
- The seeds of new medical care structures.
- First-generation health maintenance organizations and vertical integration: The Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care program.
- Second-Generation Health Maintenance Organizations and “Virtual Integration”: Network Model HMOs, Independent Practice Associations, and Integrated Medical Groups.
- Comparing Vertically and Virtually Integrated Models.
- Accountable Care Organizations.
- From Medical Homes to Medical Neighbourhoods.
The Health Care Workforce and the Education of Health Professionals
- Physicians.
- Physician Assistants.
- Registered Nurses.
- Nurse Practitioners.
- Pharmacists.
- Social Workers.
- Supply, Demand, and Need.
- Women in the Health.
- Underrepresented Minorities in the Health Professions.
Painful versus Painless Cost Control
- Health Care Costs and Health Outcomes.
- Cost Control Strategies.
Mechanisms for Controlling Costs
- Financing Controls.
- Reimbursement Controls.
Quality of Health Care
- The Components of High-Quality Care.
- Proposals for Improving Quality.
- Where Does Malpractice Reform Fit in?
What Is Prevention?
- The First Epidemiologic Revolution.
- The Second Epidemiologic Revolution.
- Individual or Population?
- Models of Prevention.
- Does Prevention Reduce Medical Care Costs?
Medical Ethics and Rationing of Health Care
- Four Principles of Medical Ethics.
- Ethical Dilemmas, Old and New.
- What Is Rationing?
- Commodity Scarcity: The Case of Organ Transplants.
- Fiscal Scarcity and Resource Allocation.
- The Relationship of Rationing to Cost Control.
- Rationing by Medical Effectiveness.
- A Basic Level of Guaranteed Medical Benefits.
- The Ethics of Health Care Financing.
- Who Allocates Health Care Resources?
Health Care Reform and National Health Insurance
- Government-Financed National Health Insurance.
- The Employer-Mandate Model of National Health Insurance.
- The Individual-Mandate Model of National Health Insurance.
- Secondary Features of National Health Insurance Plans.
